FreshRSS на VPS: self-hosted RSS-агрегатор вместо Feedly

Краткий ответ: FreshRSS — лёгкий self-hosted RSS reader. На VPS 512 MB–1 GB: Docker + PostgreSQL/SQLite + Nginx SSL. Fever API для mobile apps, WebSub для instant updates, filters для шума.

Feedly — freemium с лимитами, Google Reader мёртв, алгоритмические ленты — bubble. FreshRSS на вашем VPS — все ваши источники, keyboard shortcuts, full-text search, zero tracking.

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FreshRSS vs Miniflux vs Tiny Tiny RSS vs Feedly

Критерий	FreshRSS	Miniflux	TTRSS	Feedly
Self-hosted	Да	Да	Да	Нет
RAM	512 MB	256 MB	1 GB	N/A
UI	Feature-rich	Minimal	Classic	Polished
Mobile apps	Fever API (many)	Official	Official	Official
Filters	Advanced	Basic	Advanced	AI
PostgreSQL	Да	Да	Да	N/A
Extension API	Google Reader API	Miniflux API	Fever	Proprietary

FreshRSS — best balance features/resources для power readers.

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Архитектура

RSS/Atom feeds on the internet
        ↓ polling / WebSub
   FreshRSS (PHP)
        ↓
   PostgreSQL or SQLite
        ↓
   Nginx → Browser / Mobile app (Fever API)
        ↓
   Optional: full-text via SQLite FTS or extensions

FreshRSS cron fetches feeds every 15–60 min. WebSub — push updates для supported feeds.

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Требования к VPS

Сценарий	RAM	CPU	Диск
<100 feeds personal	512 MB	1 vCPU	5 GB
500 feeds power user	1 GB	1 vCPU	15 GB
1000+ feeds	2 GB	2 vCPU	30 GB SSD

SQLite OK для personal, PostgreSQL для multi-user и scale.

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Docker Compose

services:
  freshrss:
    image: freshrss/freshrss:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      - db
    environment:
      CRON_MIN: "*/15 * * * *"
      TZ: Europe/Moscow
    volumes:
      - freshrss_data:/var/www/FreshRSS/data
      - freshrss_extensions:/var/www/FreshRSS/extensions
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:8080:80"

  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: freshrss
      POSTGRES_USER: freshrss
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: CHANGE_ME
    volumes:
      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data

volumes:
  freshrss_data:
  freshrss_extensions:
  pgdata:

SQLite alternative — уберите db service, FreshRSS auto-uses SQLite in data volume.

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Nginx reverse proxy

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name rss.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

SSL — Let’s Encrypt. Auth — built-in multi-user или Authentik proxy.

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Первоначальная настройка

1. https://rss.example.com → installation wizard
2. Check system requirements (all green)
3. Database: PostgreSQL credentials
4. Create admin user
5. Settings → Reading — article count, default view
6. Settings → Authentication — allow registration off
7. Import OPML from Feedly/Inoreader

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Добавление feeds

Метод	Как
Manual	Subscribe → URL
OPML import	Settings → Import
Extension	Firefox FreshRSS subscription
Discovery	Auto-detect from website URL

Рекомендуемые категории: Tech, DevOps, News, Blogs, YouTube (via RSS bridge).

Связка: читайте stormblog и devops feeds в одном UI.

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Filters и labels

# Filter example: mark Kubernetes posts
IF content contains "Kubernetes" THEN add label "k8s"

# Filter: hide sponsored
IF title contains "Sponsored" THEN mark as read

# Filter: priority
IF feed is "CVE Alerts" THEN do not mark as read on scroll

Filters — мощный инструмент против noise. Regex supported.

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Fever API для mobile

FreshRSS → Settings → Authentication → enable Fever API:

API URL: https://rss.example.com/api/fever.php
Username: your_user
Password: fever_api_password (separate from login)

Compatible apps:

• Reeder (iOS/macOS)
• FeedMe (Android)
• Fluent Reader (desktop)

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Google Reader API (optional)

FreshRSS supports Google Reader compatible API для Newsboat, Readkit, etc. Enable in extensions/settings.

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WebSub и polling

Механизм	Latency	Feeds supported
WebSub (PubSubHubbub)	Seconds	Medium.com, many blogs
Polling CRON	15–60 min	All RSS

CRON_MIN: "*/15 * * * *" — balance freshness vs VPS load.

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Full-text search

Enable extension full-text search или built-in depending on version. Index all article content — find old posts by keyword.

PostgreSQL backend — better search performance at scale.

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Sharing и integration

• Share to n8n webhook → Telegram/Slack
• Save starred articles в Nextcloud via export
• Star → trigger PocketBase API for bookmark DB

# Export starred articles OPML
curl -u user:pass https://rss.example.com/i/export/starred.opml

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Multi-user

FreshRSS supports multiple users с separate feeds or shared categories. Family server: один VPS, individual accounts.

SSO — HTTP auth proxy via Authentik.

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Backup

# PostgreSQL
docker compose exec -T db pg_dump -U freshrss freshrss > freshrss-$(date +%F).sql

# Data volume (config, cache, sqlite if used)
docker run --rm -v freshrss_data:/data -v $(pwd):/backup alpine \
  tar czf /backup/freshrss-data.tar.gz /data

OPML export monthly — human-readable feed list backup. 3-2-1 + Restic.

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Security

Пункт	Действие
HTTPS	Required
Disable public registration	After users created
Strong passwords	Per user
Tailscale	Private access option
Update FreshRSS	Docker pull monthly
API passwords	Separate from login, rotate

RSS reader knows your interests — treat as private data.

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Performance tuning

• Reduce feed count — unsubscribe dead feeds quarterly
• Increase CRON interval if CPU spikes
• PostgreSQL over SQLite for 500+ feeds
• Enable HTTP caching headers in Nginx for static assets
• TTRSS_FEEDS_LIMIT equivalent — archive old articles

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Мониторинг

• Uptime Kuma — ping FreshRSS
• Feed errors — FreshRSS UI → feed management → error column
• ntfy alert if feed fetch fails X times (custom script)

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Troubleshooting

Проблема	Решение
Feed not updating	Check CRON, feed URL valid, error log
Fever API 401	Separate API password, not login password
500 after update	Check PHP extensions in container logs
Duplicate articles	Feed changed GUID, mark as read
Slow UI	Too many unread — mark all read archive
WebSub not working	Public URL required for callback
PostgreSQL connection	Credentials in FreshRSS config
Import OPML fail	File encoding UTF-8
Mobile app empty	Wrong API URL path /api/fever.php
High memory	Reduce feeds or switch SQLite→PG tuning

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Связка с экосистемой

• Search — SearXNG for finding new blogs
• Automation — n8n
• VPN — Tailscale
• SSO — Authentik
• Backup — Restic
• Docker — Docker Compose

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Итог

FreshRSS — must-have для тех, кто читает интернет осознанно. Без алгоритмов, без tracking, с полным контролем. 512 MB VPS хватит на сотни feeds.

VPS от 1 GB — StormNet Cloud. SSL — Let’s Encrypt. Поиск блогов — SearXNG. Backup — 3-2-1.